A modern wood stove burns cleaner and heats more efficiently than an open fireplace. This guide covers EPA certification, sizing, catalytic vs non-catalytic designs and installation basics.
EPA 2020: what it means for you
Since May 2020, new wood stoves sold in the US must meet the EPA's Step 2 emission limit: 2.0 grams of particulate per hour (2.5 g/h when tested with cord wood). Every new stove we sell is certified to that standard, which means less smoke, better efficiency and eligibility for many local burn rules. Shop wood stoves.
Catalytic or non-catalytic
- Non-catalytic: uses secondary air tubes and baffles to re-burn smoke. Simpler to run and maintain, with a lively flame.
- Catalytic: a catalyst combuster burns smoke at lower temperatures, giving long, steady burns. The combuster needs periodic inspection and replacement.
Sizing
Stoves are rated by heating area and firebox size. Match the heating area to the space you want to heat, not the whole house unless the layout is open. An oversized stove run low burns dirty; an undersized stove run hot wears out faster. Firebox size also sets how long it burns between loads.
Stove or insert
A freestanding stove sits on a hearth pad and vents through a stove pipe and chimney. If you have an existing masonry fireplace, a wood insert turns it into an efficient heater using a liner up the chimney.
Installation basics
- Clearances: every stove lists minimum distances to combustible walls and furniture; heat shields can reduce them.
- Floor protection: a non-combustible hearth pad meeting the manual's requirements.
- Chimney: a listed chimney system or lined masonry chimney of the correct diameter and height.
- Permit: most areas require a permit and inspection - check with your local building department.
Burn dry wood
Seasoned hardwood with moisture under 20% burns hotter and cleaner. Wet wood wastes heat and builds creosote.
FAQ
Can I install a wood stove myself?
Local rules vary. Many areas require a permit and inspection, and some insurers ask for a certified installer. Follow the manual exactly.
What is the difference between a wood stove and a pellet stove?
Pellet stoves burn compressed pellets fed automatically from a hopper and need electricity. See pellet stoves.